Pehea ke kumu kūʻai o ka chrome ore?

Pehea ke kumu kūʻai o ka chrome ore?

01
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kumu honua o ka chrome ore i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia e Glencore a me Samanco ma o ke kūkākūkā ʻana me nā hui kālepa.

Hoʻoholo nui ʻia nā kumukūʻai o ka chromium ore honua e ka lako o ka mākeke a me nā kūlana koi a hahai i nā ʻano mākeke.ʻAʻohe kumu kūʻai kūʻai makahiki a i ʻole mahina.Hoʻoholo nui ʻia ke kumu kūʻai kumu chromium ore honua ma o ke kūkākūkā ʻana ma waena o Glencore a me Samanco, nā mea hana chrome ore nui loa o ka honua, ma hope o ke kipa ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana ma nā wahi like ʻole.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kumukūʻai o nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku ma muli o kēia kuhikuhi.

02
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka chrome ore honua a me ke ʻano koi koi.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka koi, a ua loli nā kumukūʻai ma nā pae haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka chromium o ka honua ka mea nui ma ʻApelika Hema, Kazakhstan, India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻolako ʻana.I ka makahiki 2021, he 570 miliona tons ka huina o ka nui o ka chromium ore, ʻo Kazakhstan, South Africa, a me India he 40.3%, 35%, a me 17.5%, e helu ana ma kahi o 92.8% o nā waihona waiwai chromium honua.I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka nui o ka hana chromium o ka honua he 41.4 miliona tons.Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka hana ʻana ma South Africa, Kazakhstan, Turkey, India, a me Finland.ʻO ka nui o ka hana ʻana he 43.5%, 16.9%, 16.9%, 7.2%, a me 5.6%.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui ma mua o 90%.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo Glencore, Samanco a me Eurasian Resources ka mea nui loa o ka honua, a ua hoʻokumu mua lākou i kahi oligopoly chromium ore supply market structure.Mai ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻoikaika ikaika nā kānaka nunui ʻelua ʻo Glencore lāua ʻo Samanco i ka hui ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā chrome ores o South Africa.Ma kahi o Iune 2016, loaʻa iā Glencore ʻo Hernic Ferrochrome Company (Hernic), a loaʻa iā Samanco nā International Ferro Metals (IFM).Ua hoʻohui hou nā kānaka nunui ʻelua i ko lākou mau kūlana i ka mākeke chrome ore o ʻApelika Hema, i hui pū ʻia me ka European Asia Resources e hoʻokele i ka mākeke Kazakhstan a me ka hoʻolako ʻana o ka chromium ore i hoʻokumu mua ʻia i kahi ʻano mākeke oligopoly.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka mana hana o nā hui nui he ʻumi e like me Eurasian Natural Resources Company, Glencore, a me Samanco e pili ana i ka 75% o ka nui o ka nui o ka chromium ore production o ka honua, a me 52% o ka nui o ka mana hana ferrochrome o ka honua.

ʻO ke kolu, ua hoʻomau ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka koi o ka honua chrome ore i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ua piʻi ka pāʻani kumukūʻai ma waena o ka lako a me ka noi.I ka makahiki 2018 a me 2019, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka chromium ore ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o ka hana kila stainless no ʻelua mau makahiki, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi o nā mea chromium a hoʻoulu i ka emi mau o nā kumukūʻai chromium mai ka makahiki 2017. Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi, ua nāwaliwali ka mākeke kila kila honua mai ka makahiki 2020, a ua nāwaliwali ke koi no ka chromium ore.Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolako, i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi ma ʻApelika Hema, nā ukana hoʻokele honua, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kūloko i nā mana ʻelua, ua emi ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka chromium ore, akā ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi holoʻokoʻa mau i kahi kūlana hoʻomaha.Mai 2020 a 2021, ua hōʻole ke kumukūʻai o ka chromium ore i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e loli ana i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumukūʻai mōʻaukala, a ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi holoʻokoʻa i nā kumukūʻai chromium ua hala ma hope o nā huahana metala ʻē aʻe.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2022, ma muli o ka superposition o nā mea e like me ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi mismatch, nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, a me ka emi ʻana o ka waihona, ua piʻi wikiwiki nā kumukūʻai chromium ore.Ma ka lā 9 o Mei, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o South Africa chromium 44% i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka pauka ma Shanghai Port i hoʻokahi manawa i 65 yuan / ton, kahi kokoke i 4 mau makahiki kiʻekiʻe.Mai ka mahina o Iune, e like me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka nāwaliwali o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ke kila kila, ua hoʻemi nui ʻia nā mea kanu kuhili, ua nāwaliwali ka noi no ka ferrochromium, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka mākeke, ua haʻahaʻa ka makemake e kūʻai i ka chromium ore, a me nā kumu kūʻai o ka chromium. ua hāʻule koke.