Nā ʻAno Hoʻokaʻawale Keleawe-Kāpae
Ua like ke ʻano o ka lana ʻana o ka galena a me nā minelala keleawe e like me ka chalcopyrite. I ka hana ʻana i nā ores keleawe-lead-zinc, he mea maʻamau ka hana mua ʻana i kahi concentrate nui keleawe-lead, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke keleawe-lead. ʻElua mau ʻano hana e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia: ke keleawe lana ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ke kēpau, a i ʻole ke kēpau lana ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ke keleawe. Hoʻohana ke ʻano kuʻuna i ka sodium dichromate e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka galena a me ka chalcopyrite lana, a i ʻole cyanide e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka chalcopyrite a me ka galena lana. Ma muli o nā hopohopo e pili ana i ke kaiapuni me nā reagents ʻelua, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma nā ʻano cyanide-free, chromium-free, a i ʻole nā ʻano kemika i hoʻemi ʻia, me ka holomua nui. Wahi a nā helu helu piha ʻole, ma kahi o 60% o nā concentrators ma Kina e hana ana i nā ores sulfide paʻakikī ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka cyanide, ʻoiai 20% e hoʻohana i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (e laʻa, 10 g/t), a ʻo ke koena 20% e hoʻohana mau ana i ka cyanide. Eia nō naʻe, ke neʻe nei kēia mau mea kanu i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka cyanide a i ʻole chromate. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano hoʻokaʻawale keleawe-lead i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hana:
(1) Ke ʻAno Hana ʻOxysulfite
Hoʻohana kēia ʻano hana i ka SO₂ a i ʻole nā sulfites i hui pū ʻia me nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa like ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka galena a lana i ka chalcopyrite. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ikaika ia i ka galena, hoʻāla iki i ka chalcopyrite, a ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe i nā metala makamae.
ʻO nā hui pū ʻana o ka depressant maʻamau:
① SO₂ (a i ʻole sulfite) + starch;
② Sulfite + sodium sulfide;
③ Sodium thiosulfate + ferric chloride;
④ Sodium carbonate + ferrous sulfate.
(2) Ke ʻano hana Cyanide
ʻOiai he mea ʻawahia, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka cyanide ma muli o kāna hana hoʻokaʻawale pono. No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cyanide, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻē aʻe.
(3) Ke ʻAno Hana CMC + Sodium Silicate (a i ʻole Sodium Pyrophosphate)
Ma kekahi lua, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi hui ʻana o CMC a me ka sodium silicate (1:100 ma ke kaumaha) a i ʻole CMC a me ka sodium pyrophosphate (1:10 ma ke kaumaha) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka nui o ke keleawe-kepau, a loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi. ʻO nā minelala nui i loko o ka ore he galena, marmatite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, a me chalcopyrite. ʻO ke poʻo o ka mineral he Pb 1.82%, Zn 2.36%, Cu 0.1–0.15%, S 5%, a me Fe 10–15%. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana flotation nui keleawe-kepau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka sodium silicate (200 g/t) a me CMC (10 g/t) e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kēpau a lana i ke keleawe. Ua helu ʻia ka nui o ke keleawe he 21.36% Cu me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana he 45.83%; ua helu ʻia ka nui o ke kēpau he 68.48% Pb me ka hoʻōla hou ʻana he 87.2%. Ua mālama ʻia nā ʻōpala mai ka lana nui keleawe-kepau me ke keleawe sulfate no ka lana zinc, e hana ana i kahi papa zinc concentrate 46.8% Zn me ka hoʻōla ʻana o 88.64%. Hōʻike ka hana e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ikaika ka CMC i ka galena akā hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i ka lana ʻana o nā minelala keleawe. ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ka hopena hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka sodium silicate ma ka galena a emi ka hopena ma nā minelala keleawe, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻōla keleawe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua e hoʻohana i ko lākou mau ikaika e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale keleawe-kepau.
(4) Ke ʻAno Hoʻomehana
Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻano hana e hoʻopau i ka haumia a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana metallurgical. Hoʻomehana ʻia ka concentrate keleawe-lead bulk i kahi o 60°C me ka mahu. I loko o ka pulp acidic a neutral paha, lilo ka chalcopyrite i mea lana aʻe i ka wā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ai ka galena. ʻAʻole pono nā reagents hou aʻe, a he kiʻekiʻe ke ʻano o ka concentrate keleawe me ka haʻahaʻa o ka Pb a me Zn. Pili ka ʻano hana i ka desorption koho o nā mea hōʻiliʻili mai ka ʻili galena a me ka oxidation o ka ʻili e alakaʻi ana i ka hydrophilicity. Hoʻohui pū kekahi mau hana i nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka wā e hoʻomehana ai. No ka laʻana, ma kekahi concentrator, ua hui pū ʻia ka hoʻomehana mahu me Na₂CrO₄ (1.5 kg/t) ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ma lalo o nā kūlana o 60°C a me pH 7.5–8.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-01-2026
